海事劳工公约实施一年 扣船113艘

【海事劳工公约实施一年 扣船113艘】巴黎备忘录（Paris MoU）披露，在海事劳工公约（MLC 2006）实行的第一年，有113艘船舶由于违反公约被扣。这113艘被扣船舶占全年被扣船舶总数的17.4%。

扩展阅读：

《海事劳工公约》是什么？

国际劳工组织《2006年海事劳工公约》（MLC）也就是人们所说的《海员权利法案》，它规定了您作为海员应该享受的最低权利。

航行于国际水域或各国港口之间的每一艘总吨位为500吨以上的船舶必须持有证明该船符合MLC规定的海事劳工证书。

MLC被描述为“具有效力的”新一代国际劳工标准之一。

MLC吸收并扩展了 68 个现有海事劳工公约和建议书以及其它基本原则，以确保所有海员能获得体面的工作和生活条件。

MLC旨在与各种规范并存，如国际海事组织（IMO）关于船舶安全、保障、质量和管理的标准（如 SOLAS、STCW 和 MARPOL）。后者多涉及船舶及其运营，而 MLC 更着重于海员的权利。

应当记住的是，MLC 只是规定了最低要求，许多批准了本公约的国家可能实行更高的标准。

What is the Maritime Labour Convention?

The International Labour Organization's Maritime Labour Convention (MLC) 2006 - also known as the Seafarers’ Bill of Rights – sets out the minimum rights that you should expect as a seafarer.

Every ship over 500 gross tonnage operating in international waters or between ports of different countries has to have a maritime labour certificate. This confirms that it complies with the MLC.

The MLC has been described as the first of a new generation of international labour standards “with teeth”.

The MLC incorporates and builds on 68 existing maritime labour conventions and recommendations, as well as other fundamental principles, to ensure decent working and living conditions for all seafarers.

The MLC is designed to sit alongside other regulations such as the IMO standards on ship safety, security and quality ship management (such as SOLAS, STCW and MARPOL). Where those instruments deal more with the vessel and its operation, the MLC deals with your rights as a seafarer.

It should be remembered that the MLC sets out minimum requirements. Many states that ratify the Convention may have higher standards.

Frequently asked questions:

经常提到的问题：

MLC 何时开始生效？

MLC于2006年2月通过。本公约要求最起码获得占世界船舶总吨位三分之一的至少 30 个国家的批准，并在达到这一要求的 12 个月后开始生效。

截止于2010年8月，已有下列国家批准了本公约：

利比里亚

巴哈马斯

马歇尔群岛

巴拿马

挪威

西班牙

克罗地亚

保加利亚

加拿大

以上10个国家占世界船舶总吨位的45%，这表明已经达到了总吨位方面的要求。这意味着现在只需要另外20个国家批准本公约。

When will the MLC apply to me?

The MLC was adopted in February 2006. It will come into force exactly 12 months after a minimum of 30 countries representing at least 33% of the world fleet in gross tonnage have ratified the convention.

As at August 2010 the following countries had ratified:

Liberia

Bahamas

Marshall Islands

Panama

Norway

Spain

Croatia

Bulgaria

Canada

These 10 countries represent 45% of the world fleet, which means that this element of the criteria has already been met. This means that it only remains for another 20 countries to ratify the convention.

Check the ILO’s own website for an up-to-date list of the countries that have ratified this convention (link on the right of this page).

MLC赋予我什么权利？

根据MLC的规定，您有权利获得：

安全并有保障的工作场所

公平的就业条件

体面的生活和工作条件

以及社会保障，如享受医疗、健康保护和福利

自由结社权，您有权加入自己选择的工会

让您的工会代表您商谈集体谈判协议（CBA）。

What are my rights under the MLC?

Under the MLC, you have the right to:

a safe and secure workplace

fair terms of employment

decent living and working conditions

social protection – access to medical care, health protection and welfare

freedom of association – to join a trade union of your choice

have your union negotiate a collective bargaining agreement (CBA) on your behalf

MLC适用于谁？

本公约适用于除以下船舶外的所有船舶：

专门在内河或在海岸附近、遮蔽水域之内或港口法规适用区域航行的船舶

渔船

用传统方法制造的船舶，如独桅三角帆船和舢板

军舰和军事辅助船

对于不从事国际航行且总吨位不足 200 吨的船舶，如果海员权利已通过国家法律、集体协议或其他措施的形式加以明确，则船旗国可以将它们排除在某些要求之外。

海员指本公约所适用的船舶上以任何职务受雇或从业或工作的任何人员。这包括游轮上的临时工和房间服务人员 – 上船工作的任何人员。

如果就本公约是否适用于某类船舶或人员存在疑问，各国的机关应与相关的船东和海员组织协商，以澄清情况。

Who is covered by the MLC?

The MLC covers all vessels and applies to all seafarers. But you must be at least 16 and have a medical certificate to work on a ship.

All ships are covered except:

ships navigating exclusively in inland waters, close to the coast, in sheltered waters or areas where port regulations apply

fishing vessels

ships of traditional build, such as dhows or junks

warships and naval auxiliaries

Ships below 200 GT, that are not carrying out international voyages, can be excluded by the flag State from some of the requirements if the seafarers’ rights concerned are already covered by national laws, collective agreements or other measures.

Seafarer means any person who is employed or engaged or works in any capacity on board a ship to which the Convention applies. This includes riding gangs and hotel staff on cruise ships – anyone working on board.

If there is any doubt as to whether a category of ship or person is covered by the Convention, the situation has to be clarified between the State authorities in consultation with the shipowner and seafarer organizations concerned.